How John Colter ventured into the uncharted West with Lewis and Clark, explored Yellowstone before any non-Native, and survived being hunted for sport by Blackfeet warriors.
Wikimedia CommonsIllustration of a nineteenth - century mountain human beings .
Like any other fabled figure , John Colter ’s narrative remains somewhat shroud in mystery and uncertainty . But what we do know of this nineteenth - century lot man ’s story makes for a breathtaking tale of survival in the mystifying wilderness at the heart of the American West .
John Colter’s Early Adventures
John Colter wasmost likely bornin Virginia sometime around 1775 . But , at long last , almost nothing is have intercourse about his early life . He really only enters the historical record with any sure thing around 1803 in Maysville , Kentucky .
The mankind organizing the sashay were none other than Captain Meriwether Lewis and Lieutenant William Clark . The United States had just finalized the Lousiana Purchase , buying enough land west of the Mississippi from the French to in effect replicate the sizing of the country . Now , Lewis and Clark were tasked with finding out what exactly the U.S. had just buy .
Wikimedia CommonsNative American guide Sacagawea organise Lewis and Clark during their journeying .
Wikimedia CommonsIllustration of a 19th-century mountain man.
Colter must have had some experience with endure in the wild — or at least been able-bodied to rest convincingly if not — because Lewis and Clark decided to take him on their expedition . Colterwas enlisted as a privateat $ 5 a calendar month .
However , military field of study does n’t seem to have suit him at first . He and several other men were punished shortly after signing on for visiting a local grog shop and coming back to camp drunk .
Nevertheless , for the next few years , Colter locomote with the party deeply inside the American continent , mapping rivers and make contact with Native American tribes .
Wikimedia CommonsNative American guide Sacagawea directs Lewis and Clark during their journey.
Finally , in August 1806 , the political party encountered two pelt trappers who had set out from Illinois . They were heading for the Yellowstone River in the area of present - sidereal day Montana and Wyoming to try their luck out there . Perhaps need to make some money selling pelt , Colter ask for permission to go with them . They said yes and Colter set out with the trappers .
Whether or not they had the fate they were looking for is n’t light from the historical disc . In fact , John Colter did n’t reemerge onto the varlet of history until the following twelvemonth , when he encountered another grouping of trappers led by a man constitute Manuel Lisa paddling own the Missouri River .
Lisa recruited Colter for another sashay he was go back up the Yellowstone River , where they began to make a fort some in the same expanse as modern - day Yellowstone National Park .
Wikimedia CommonsA pair of Blackfeet attacking a Crow warrior.
The Hunt
precisely what befall next ishard to saywith any certainty .
In one account , Lisa dispatch John Colter to make inter-group communication with the Blackfeet Native American tribe nearby and open up a organisation of craft . But before he found the clan , he fall in with a group of Crow Native Americans . That company was then attacked by a company of Blackfeet , who were traditional enemies of the Crow . In self - defence , Colter joined in the fight and was wounded .
Colter then spent a few weeks recovering at the fortress before setting out on another trading commission , although there are other accounts that disagree on precisely when this first fight took place and whether or not Colter returned to the fort after .
New York Public Library/Wikimedia CommonsA 19th-century photo of Yellowstone National Park.
Whatever the case , sometime around 1808 Colter set up himself locomote by canoe along the Jefferson River in present - day Montana with another veteran soldier of the Lewis and Clark Expedition , John Potts . While camping along the shore of the river , they were spotted by a company of Blackfeet . Presumably , the Blackfeet either accredit Colter or were just funny of trappers after seeing one fighting with the Crow .
The Blackfeet attack as Potts and Colter shinny for the canoe . As they pushed it into the water , Potts was struck by an arrow and collapsed . Colter , bring in that there was no elbow room to escape , told Potts that they should deliver . Instead , Potts raised his rifle and killed one of the Blackfeet .
Potts was instantly struck by a storm of arrows . According to Colter , “ he was made a riddle of . ” The Blackfeet warrior made their agency down to Potts ’ body , which they began to mutilate . Colter was now alone and surround by a hostile tribe of warrior .
National Park ServiceThe Colter Stone
Wikimedia CommonsA pair of Blackfeet attack a Crow warrior .
John Colter sympathize some basics of the Blackfeet oral communication thanks to his clip traveling with the Crow . So he listened as the Blackfeet argued about what to do with him . At first , someone suggested tie him up and using him as prey pattern . But one of the elder warrior had a skilful approximation .
He informed Colter that they were going to hunt him .
Colter was disarmed and clean au naturel before being led a few hundred paces aside from the war company to give him a head get-go . The Blackfeet told Colter to run as tight as he could .
He did .
John Colter take away off across the prairie with the cries of the hunters following him . To his own surprise , Colter began to outpace the Blackfeet . However , he knew he could n’t keep up the rate everlastingly . His only hazard was to make it back to the river and hope to find a post to hide .
Colter then doubled back towards the banks of the river . But when he looked over his shoulder joint , he see a single warrior forrader of the rest , spear in hand . before long , he heard the sound of footsteps closing in on him . Suddenly , he stopped and turned .
The move surprise the warrior follow him , who , as exhausted as Colter was , hit while trying to throw his lance . The spear hit the ground and break . Colter quickly snatched up the shrewd end of the spear and drove it into the Blackfeet warrior .
A cry went up from the rest of the warriors closing in as Colter ran towards the river and dive in . He swam underneath the water and came up under a pile of loose logs ( or a dress hat dam , accord to another account ) . The Blackfeet then spend the residue of the night looking for Colter before at long last giving up and bequeath .
Colter had escaped , but he was far from safe . He was bare , his feet were torn to rag by the chase , and he was 100 of geographical mile from the near outstation of civilization . But living on nothing but edible mourning band , Colter somehow contend to make it back to Lisa ’s fort .
John Colter Becomes A Legend
New York Public Library / Wikimedia CommonsA nineteenth - century pic of Yellowstone National Park .
After returning from his ordeal , John Colter pass another few year in the mountains exploring many areas in the Tetons and Yellowstone that no non - Native had ever seen before . He finally decided to riposte to the East in 1810 , swearing that he would never move to the mountains again .
The Colter that emerged from the wilderness was n’t the same man who had set out from Kentucky just seven twelvemonth before . According to a friend who fuck him around the time , he “ wore an open , ingenious , and pleasing countenance of the Daniel Boone stamp . Nature had form him , like Boone , for stalwart endurance of fatigue , privation , and perils . ”
Colter soon locate down and married , but he would only live another three years before drop dead of jaundice circa 1812 - 1813 .
John Colter ’s life passed rapidly into legend , and it ’s beguiling to dismiss his story as just that . Many historians do , in fact . There ’s small grounds to tolerate much of Colter ’s story beyond a few secondhand accounts . But there is one tantalizing piece of evidence that suffer part of Colter ’s story .
National Park ServiceThe Colter Stone
Sometime between 1931 and 1933 , a menage grasp near Tetonia , Idahouncovereda diminished piece of stone carved in the shape of a read/write head . etch into the stone were the words “ John Colter 1808 . ” If the stone was carved by Colter , then it suggest that the man did at least venture this late into what was then uncharted territory .
Today , the “ Colter Stone ” rests inside a museum in Wyoming ’s Grand Teton National Park , where it remain a meet tribute to this one - of - a - kind American caption .
After this look at John Colter , check off out moreincredible survival storieslike those ofcannibal hatful humans Liver - Eating JohnsonandTami Oldham Ashcraft , the woman who inspiredAdrift .
